This journal implements a full open-access policy under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). All articles published in this journal are freely available to be read, downloaded, distributed, printed, or reused in any medium, provided that proper credit is given to the original author and source. The journal’s open-access policy is based on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge and promotes scientific advancement and innovation.

 

Publication Fee Policy (Free of Charge): This journal does not charge any publication fees at any stage of the publication process, including manuscript submission, peer review, editing and layout, online publication, and archiving. All publication costs are fully supported by the publisher institution as part of its commitment to Diamond Open Access, ensuring that authors and readers can disseminate and access scholarly works without financial barriers.